【花雕学编程】Arduino动手做（249）---基于Adafruit_GFX库测试ESP32与GC9A01显示屏的综合功能
【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
项目实验之二十：基于Adafruit_GFX库测试ESP32与GC9A01显示屏的功能
实验开源代码
/*
【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
项目实验之二十：基于Adafruit_GFX库测试ESP32与GC9A01显示屏的功能
*/
// GC9A010 -------- ESP32
// RST ------------ NC（复位引脚，此处未连接）
// CS ------------- D4（片选引脚，连接到ESP32的D4引脚）
// DC ------------- D2（数据/命令选择引脚，连接到ESP32的D2引脚）
// SDA ------------ D23 (green)（主数据输出引脚，连接到ESP32的D23引脚，绿色线）
// SCL ------------ D18 (yellow)（时钟信号引脚，连接到ESP32的D18引脚，黄色线）
// GND ------------ GND（接地引脚，连接到ESP32的接地端）
// VCC -------------3V3（电源引脚，连接到ESP32的3.3V电源）
#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_GC9A01A.h"
#define TFT_DC 2
#define TFT_CS 4
Adafruit_GC9A01A tft(TFT_CS, TFT_DC);
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
Serial.println (" ");
Serial.println ("GC9A01A Test!");
tft.begin();
Serial.println (F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));
delay (10);
Serial.print(F ("Screen fill "));
Serial.println (testFillScreen ());
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Text "));
Serial.println (testText());
delay (3000);
Serial.print (F("Lines "));
Serial.println (testLines (GC9A01A_CYAN));
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));
Serial.println (testFastLines (GC9A01A_RED, GC9A01A_BLUE));
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Rectangles (outline) "));
Serial.println (testRects (GC9A01A_GREEN));
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Rectangles (filled) "));
Serial.println (testFilledRects (GC9A01A_YELLOW, GC9A01A_MAGENTA));
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Circles (filled) "));
Serial.println (testFilledCircles (10, GC9A01A_MAGENTA));
Serial.print (F("Circles (outline) "));
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Triangles (outline) "));
Serial.println (testTriangles ());
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Triangles (filled) "));
Serial.println (testFilledTriangles ());
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Rounded rects (outline) "));
Serial.println (testRoundRects ());
delay (500);
Serial.print (F("Rounded rects (filled) "));
Serial.println (testFilledRoundRects ());
delay (500);
Serial.println (F("Done!"));
}
void loop(void) {
for (uint8_t rotation = 0; rotation < 4; rotation++)
{
tft.setRotation (rotation);
testText ();
delay (1000);
}
}
unsigned long testFillScreen() {
unsigned long start = micros();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_RED);
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_GREEN);
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLUE);
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testText () {
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
unsigned long start = micros ();
tft.setCursor (10, 40);
tft.setTextColor (GC9A01A_WHITE); tft.setTextSize(1);
tft.println (" Hello World!");
tft.setTextColor (GC9A01A_YELLOW); tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.println (" 1234.56");
tft.setTextColor (GC9A01A_RED); tft.setTextSize(3);
tft.println (0xDEADBEEF, HEX);
tft.println ();
tft.setTextColor (GC9A01A_GREEN);
tft.setTextSize (5);
tft.println ("Groop");
tft.setTextSize (2);
tft.println ("I implore thee,");
tft.setTextSize (1);
tft.println ("my foonting turlingdromes.");
tft.println ("And hooptiously drangle me");
tft.println ("with crinkly bindlewurdles,");
tft.println ("Or I will rend thee");
tft.println ("in the gobberwarts");
tft.println ("with my blurglecruncheon,");
tft.println ("see if I don't!");
return micros () - start;
delay (1000);
}
unsigned long testLines (uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start, t;
int x1, y1, x2, y2,
w = tft.width (),
h = tft.height ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
x1 = y1 = 0;
y2 = h - 1;
start = micros ();
for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = w - 1;
for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t = micros () - start;
// fillScreen doesn't count against timing
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
x1 = w - 1;
y1 = 0;
y2 = h - 1;
start = micros ();
for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = 0;
for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t += micros() - start;
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
x1 = 0;
y1 = h - 1;
y2 = 0;
start = micros ();
for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = w - 1;
for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t += micros () - start;
yield ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield ();
x1 = w - 1;
y1 = h - 1;
y2 = 0;
start = micros ();
for (x2 = 0; x2 < w; x2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = 0;
for (y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2 += 6) tft.drawLine (x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
yield();
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testFastLines(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, w = tft.width (), h = tft.height ();
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
start = micros ();
for (y = 0; y < h; y += 5) tft.drawFastHLine ( 0, y, w, color1);
for (x = 0; x < w; x += 5) tft.drawFastVLine (x, 0, h, color2);
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testRects (uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int n, i, i2,
cx = tft.width () / 2,
cy = tft.height () / 2;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
n = min (tft.width (), tft.height ());
start = micros ();
for (i = 2; i < n; i += 6)
{
i2 = i / 2;
tft.drawRect (cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color);
}
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledRects (uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
unsigned long start, t = 0;
int n, i, i2,
cx = tft.width () / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height () / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
n = min (tft.width (), tft.height ());
for (i = n; i > 0; i -= 6)
{
i2 = i / 2;
start = micros ();
tft.fillRect (cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color1);
t += micros () - start;
// outlines are not included in timing results
tft.drawRect (cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, color2);
yield ();
}
return t;
}
unsigned long testFilledCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, w = tft.width (), h = tft.height (), r2 = radius * 2;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
start = micros ();
for (x = radius; x < w; x += r2)
{
for (y = radius; y < h; y += r2)
{
tft.fillCircle (x, y, radius, color);
}
}
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testCircles (uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, r2 = radius * 2,
w = tft.width () + radius, // screen is not cleared for this one -- this is
h = tft.height () + radius; // intentional and does not affect the reported time.
start = micros ();
for (x = 0; x < w; x += r2)
{
for (y = 0; y < h; y += r2)
{
tft.drawCircle (x, y, radius, color);
}
}
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testTriangles () {
unsigned long start;
int n, i, cx = tft.width () / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height () / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
n = min (cx, cy);
start = micros ();
for (i = 0; i < n; i += 5)
{
tft.drawTriangle (
cx , cy - i, // top of triangle
cx - i, cy + i, // bottom left
cx + i, cy + i, // bottom right
tft.color565( i, i, i));
}
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledTriangles () {
unsigned long start, t = 0;
int i, cx = tft.width () / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height () / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
start = micros ();
for (i = min (cx, cy); i > 10; i -= 5)
{
start = micros ();
tft.fillTriangle (cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
tft.color565 (0, i * 10, i * 10));
t += micros () - start;
tft.drawTriangle (cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
tft.color565 (i * 10, i * 10, 0));
yield ();
}
return t;
}
unsigned long testRoundRects () {
unsigned long start;
int w, i, i2,
cx = tft.width () / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height () / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
w = min (tft.width (), tft.height ());
start = micros ();
for (i = 0; i < w; i += 6)
{
i2 = i / 2;
tft.drawRoundRect (cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, i / 8, tft.color565 (i, 0, 0));
}
return micros () - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledRoundRects () {
unsigned long start;
int i, i2,
cx = tft.width () / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height () / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen (GC9A01A_BLACK);
start = micros ();
for (i = min (tft.width (), tft.height ()); i > 20; i -= 6)
{
i2 = i / 2;
tft.fillRoundRect (cx - i2, cy - i2, i, i, i / 8, tft.color565 (0, i, 0));
yield ();
}
return micros () - start;
}代码解读
1、引脚定义与初始化
#define TFT_DC 2
#define TFT_CS 4
Adafruit_GC9A01A tft(TFT_CS, TFT_DC);
定义了与 GC9A01A 屏幕连接的引脚：
TFT_DC：数据/命令控制引脚。
TFT_CS：片选引脚。
创建了一个 Adafruit_GC9A01A 对象 tft，用于控制屏幕。
2、setup() 函数
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("GC9A01A Test!");
tft.begin();
Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));
delay(10);
Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));
Serial.println(testFillScreen());
delay(500);
// 其他测试函数调用...
}
初始化串口通信，波特率设置为 9600。
初始化屏幕。
执行一系列测试函数（如 testFillScreen、testText 等），并输出每种测试的执行时间。
3、loop() 函数
void loop(void) {
for (uint8_t rotation=0; rotation<4; rotation++) {
tft.setRotation(rotation);
testText();
delay(1000);
}
}
在主循环中，屏幕的方向（rotation）被设置为 0 到 3 的值，分别对应不同的旋转角度。
每次旋转后，调用 testText() 函数显示文本，持续 1 秒。
4、测试函数
testFillScreen()：测试屏幕填充操作的性能。
unsigned long testFillScreen() {
unsigned long start = micros();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_RED);
yield();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_GREEN);
yield();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLUE);
yield();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield();
return micros() - start;
}
使用 fillScreen() 方法填充屏幕为不同颜色。
使用 micros() 记录操作的开始和结束时间，计算总耗时。
testText()：测试文本绘制操作的性能。
unsigned long testText() {
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLACK);
unsigned long start = micros();
tft.setCursor(10, 40);
tft.setTextColor(GC9A01A_WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(1);
tft.println("Hello World!");
// 其他文本绘制操作...
return micros() - start;
}
使用 fillScreen() 清屏。
设置文本颜色、大小和位置，绘制多行文本。
记录并返回操作耗时。
testLines()：测试绘制线条的性能。
unsigned long testLines(uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start, t;
int x1, y1, x2, y2, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height();
tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLACK);
yield();
x1 = y1 = 0;
y2 = h - 1;
start = micros();
for (x2=0; x2
return micros() - start;
}
使用 drawLine() 方法绘制多条线条。
记录并返回操作耗时。
其他测试函数：如 testFastLines()、testRects()、testFilledRects()、testFilledCircles() 等，分别测试绘制快速线条、矩形、填充矩形、填充圆形等操作的性能。
要点说明
1、屏幕初始化与配置
使用 Adafruit_GC9A01A 库初始化屏幕，并设置引脚连接。
通过 tft.begin() 初始化屏幕，确保屏幕处于可操作状态。
2、性能测试
通过一系列测试函数（如 testFillScreen、testText 等），评估屏幕绘制操作的性能。
使用 micros() 函数记录操作的开始和结束时间，计算并输出每种操作的耗时。
3、图形绘制操作
展示了如何使用 Adafruit_GC9A01A 库绘制各种图形，包括填充屏幕、绘制文本、线条、矩形、圆形等。
通过改变颜色、大小和位置参数，实现多样化的图形绘制。
4、屏幕旋转
在 loop() 函数中，通过 tft.setRotation() 方法改变屏幕的方向，展示不同方向下的图形绘制效果。
5、实时反馈
通过串口输出每种测试操作的耗时，便于开发者实时监控和评估屏幕的性能。
6、应用场景
图形界面开发：适用于开发需要图形界面的项目，如智能手表、手持设备等。
性能优化：通过性能测试，帮助开发者优化图形绘制代码，提高屏幕响应速度。
教育与实验：作为教学示例，帮助学习者理解图形库的使用和屏幕操作的基本原理。
实验场景图 动态图
